Development,acceptability and nutritional value of weaning mixtures

Low cost weaning mixtures were prepared by mixing (i) malted pearl millet (Penicitum typhidium L), roasted amaranth (Amaranthus sp.); roasted green gram (Vigna radiata); jaggery and (ii) malted barley (Dehusked barley); roasted amaranth grain; roasted green gram; jaggery in proportion 60204045 wt/wt and were nutritionally evaluated. Both the blends had a nutrient composition within the range prescribed by the Indian Standard Institute (ISI) for processed weaning foods. The processing of grains resulted in lower levels of phytic acid, polyphenols and saponins and higher in vitro protein digestibility than those of the raw grains used for preparing mixtures. Both the mixtures were acceptable to trained panelists and children.     

Assessment of pearl millet vs rice based diets for bioavailability of four trace metals

Cereals including millets are consumed in India as a staple with wide variety of pulses and vegetables in varying proportions. Trace mineral contents of pearl millet are two to ten times higher than that of rice. Comparative performance of pearl millet based (PM) diets as against rice based (RB) diets in terms of trace mineral bioavailability was studied, based on the prevailing dietary patterns in India. In vitro percent dialysability of zinc, iron, copper and manganese under simulated gastrointestinal conditions was considered as indicator of metal bioavailability. Dialysable zinc and iron were estimated using 65 Zn and 59 Fe as tracers, while dialysable copper and manganese were measured by Atomic absorption spectrophotometer for 20 food items and 15 RB and 17 PM diets prepared from these items. Results indicated that percent dialysability of zinc and copper was higher for RB diets than PM diets, while that of iron and manganese were comparable. Total dialysable iron, copper and manganese in PM diet was 2 to 4 times higher than RB diet.     

Fermentation of pearl millet flour with yeasts and lactobacilli:in vitro digestibility and utilisation of fermented flour for weaning mixtures

Single as well as mixed culture fermentations by yeasts (S. diastaticus;S. cerevistiae) and lactobacilli (L. brevis;L. fermentum) at 30 °C for 72 h improved the starch and protein digestibility (in vitro) of pearl millet flour significantly. The flour fermented bySaccharomyces diastaticus, a starch hydrolysing yeast, had the highest starch digestibility whereas fermentation bySaccharomyces cerevisiae enhanced the in vitro protein digestibility of the flour significantly. Weaning mixtures prepared from the fermented flour were also found to be organoleptically acceptable.     

中国北部高原地区谷子(粟)品种高产稳产性的评价

 利用回归系数法、稳定性参数法和高稳系数法 ,对我国北部高原地区新育成的 18个新品种 (系 )的高产稳产性进行了研究。结果表明 ,参试品种多数产量较高 ,占 5 5 .5 % ,但其中产量稳定性较差的占多数 ,高产稳产的品种较少 ,仅有铁 93- 115、95汾选 3和承谷 8号 ,占 16 .7% ,其余的均为低产稳产和低而不稳的类型 ,各占 2 2 .2 %。这可能与品种性状的适应性有关     

对我省谷子品质改良的思考

分析了山西省谷子生产存在的问题及小米食用品质改良中存在的不足:谷子生产中早熟区缺乏优质品种,中晚熟区和夏播区优质品种单一,种植时间长,退化严重,对谷子生产造成了较大损失;在谷子育种研究中,食用品质基础研究薄弱,品质改良手段滞后,不能适应生产和市场对谷子品种的要求。提出了以RVA分析为主的小米食用品质改良的设想:利用RVA分析筛选优质品种资源,开展食用品质的遗传研究,以优×优、优×高产品种进行组配,对其后代材料在田间进行产量性状的选择,在室内采用RVA分析进行食用品质指标测试,室内外相结合,选育优质高产谷子新品种。     

细胞质抗除草剂谷子遗传发育特点及应用研究

【目的】研究细胞质抗除草剂基因对谷子性状和发育的影响。【方法】利用细胞质抗除草剂谷子与敏感型谷子正反交和多代回交等方法，获得了同核异质杂交群体和近等基因系，比较其F1、F2、回交和复合杂交世代的群体差异和近等基因系的生长发育差异。【结果】具有抗除草剂细胞质的谷子苗期发育迟缓、抽穗晚，灌浆时间短；用其杂交获得的回交、复合杂交及F2的多数群体表现了生长弱势。但是具有细胞质除草剂抗性的谷子，在杂交F1代可产生较大的杂种优势；回交、复合交和F2代有较大的分离，并且个别组合表现了与敏感细胞质一样的丰产性。【结论】细胞质抗除草剂基因对谷子的生长和性状发育有影响，但利用杂交种可避免细胞质抗性产生的不利影响，获得丰产性；对抗性杂交群体和个体进行选择可达到预期效果。在对抗除草剂谷子选育时，应注重苗期发育快、根系发达、抽穗早、灌浆速度快的单株。把以上的研究结果应用于实践，获得了多个细胞质抗除草剂谷子的丰产杂交组合和品系。     

水分高效利用型谷子新品种"冀谷19"选育研究

冀谷19是采用杂交方法从"矮88×青丰谷"中选育而成,表现优质、高产和水分利用效率高.2002年和2003年国家夏谷新品种区域试验,平均单产5 296.5 kg/hm2,较对照豫谷5号增产14.4%.2004年通过全国谷子品种鉴定委员会鉴定.2004年推广面积58 000 hm2,最高单产达8 430 kg/hm2,成为河北省旱地无公害优质小米开发的骨干品种.     

黄土高原旱地春谷吸肥与土壤供肥规律研究

１９９０～１９９２年在山西榆次市对黄土高原旱地春谷吸肥与土壤耕层供肥规律进行了研究。结果表明，土壤耕层氮磷供给能力动态变化遵循倒Ｌｏｇｉｓｔ１０生长曲线方程变化，钾的供给能力动态变化遵循一次方程变化；谷子不同生育时期吸收氮磷钾动态变化遵循Ｌｏｇｉｓｔ１０生长曲线方程变化；谷子一生随着生育进程对氮磷钾的吸收量逐渐增加，土壤氮磷钾供给量则随着谷子吸收量的增加而减少，即供给能力趋于减弱，氮的吸收高峰与土壤供给高峰基本一致，磷的吸收高峰在土壤供给高峰之后，钾的吸收高峰在土壤第一供给高峰期，孕穗至抽穗阶段是谷子吸收氮磷钾的高峰期；从谷子一生来看，吸收氮磷量小于土壤供给量，钾的吸收量大于土壤供给量。通过分析并对榆次市黄土高原区旱地春谷施肥问题提出新见解，即亩产要达到２００ｋｇ以上应重视施用钾肥。     

谷子显性恢复基因的AFLP分析

赤峰显性核不育谷子是在谷子中首次发现的核不育材料,该材料的育性受2对核显性基因互作控制,一对是显性核不育基因Msch,另一对是显性上位育性恢复基因Rf。两者共同存在时显性上位育性恢复基因Rf能抑制显性核不育基因Msch的表达,从而表现可育。利用已构建的不育基因Msch的上位育性恢复基因Rf的近等基因系(NILs)为材料,通过对300对AFLP引物组合进行筛选,找到了与显性上位育性恢复基因Rf紧密连锁的2个AFLP标记(E15/M52和E20/M41),与不育基因的遗传距离分别是7.0c M和12.7 c M,而且位于不育基因的同一侧,标记间相距5.7 c M。     

辽宁省谷子新品种亲缘关系分析及今后育种的设想

对“八五”以来辽宁省审定的7个谷子新品种的亲缘关系分析表明，目前推广的谷子新品种多数是铁谷1号衍生系，这些新品种与铁谷1号相比均有所改进，但产量没有大的突破，抗逆性还存在一定的问题，因此必须重视种质资源的研究，拓宽谷子遗传基础。传统的育种方法与生物技术、遗传工程等先进手段相结合，将使谷子育种再上一个新台阶。